Combined Method for the Assessment of Occlusal Loadings Based on the Digital Measurements
摘要
Occlusion refers to the mutual contact between opposing tooth surfaces in the dental arches. The action of the jaw elevator muscles produces the bite force which may vary widely in magnitude and direction due to the individual anatomy, jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. Articulation foil or tracing paper are the most commonly used method in clinical practice for assessing dental arch alignment. These diagnostic methods are able to determine the exact location of occlusal contacts, but they are not able to measure the bite forces themselves. Currently there are several methods for measuring occlusal forces, although they are not widely used. These methods include mechanical occlusal force gauges measurements and digital scanning approaches. The first method provides the maximum force during biting for a separate tooth, while the second method estimates only the qualitative percentage distribution of occlusal loads in the individual sections of the dental arches. The aim of the work is to propose a hybrid estimation of occlusal forces for incisors, canines and lateral teeth (both premolars and molars) of upper and lower jaws based on both occlusal force gauges measurements and digital scanning. These combined method provides quantitative estimation of bite distribution in all individual tooth groups of the lower and upper jaws, which is of extreme importance for biomedical engineers, especially in the case of numerical analyzes by means of the finite element method.