The human retina is a multi-layered sensory neural tissue that forms the innermost part of the eye. It contains specialized cells, including photoreceptors (PRs), which convert light signals into electrochemical signals. These signals are processed by multiple retinal neurons and transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain, where visual perception occurs. The intricate structure and function of the retina is essential for vision, and its health is critical for maintaining function. Acquired and inherited forms of retinal degenerative diseases can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Animal-based models and retinal explants have increased our basic understanding of retinal diseases and potential therapeutic targets. However, more efficient and human-relevant in vitro models are needed to better translate therapeutic potential into clinical applications. In this context, stem cell-derived 3D human retinal organoids (hROs) recapitulate the structural and cellular complexity of the human retina, making them a valuable tool to study disease mechanisms, screen potential therapies, and explore the progression of retinal diseases in a controlled environment. In addition, hROs may pave the way for cell-based transplantation to restore vision.