The article considers the structural analysis of crop cultivation in Russia and Kazakhstan. The analysis of the used technologies is based on the interaction of engineering tools with specific mediums, namely, the soil medium of seeds, mineral fertilizers, which constitute the medium mechanics. The application of the methodology of structural analysis made it possible to identify the stages of perennial grass cultivation and to determine the main functions influencing the realization of each stage. This approach gave an opportunity to establish the factors impacting the technological process; to visualize the interaction of the processes and phenomena under study; to determine the significance of the working operations performed; to develop a structural model using the example of perennial grass cultivation. A functional model is offered that includes agro-biological, mechanical-technological, technical and agro-technological systems. As to the agro-biological system, the properties of the mediums that determine the manufacturing capability of the used engineering tools are presented. The particular attention is paid to the mechanical-technological system. Thus, two fraction criteria are presented: structural-force by the level of micro-cracks and kinematic-discontinuous by the level of macroscopic destruction singling out the process of deformation and destruction of the soil medium which is characterized by strength properties and defected mode.