Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms and plants have emerged as a significant contributor to global aquaculture production. In India, its vast coastline as well as abundant water resources in aquaculture offer significant opportunities for sustainable development, food security, job creation, and economic advancement. In spite of diversified available resources, many problems are arising due to climate change. Resource use and diversification in cultural practices safeguard ecological moralities, promoting sustainable aquaculture production. “LISA’s importance in small-scale rural aquaculture cannot be overstated; it is crucial for environmental sustainability, food security, and climate resilience and deserves proactive encouragement and development. Addressing climate change in aquaculture requires a comprehensive strategy, including selective breeding, species diversification, ecosystem-based management, and cutting-edge sustainable systems like aquaponics, biofloc, and recirculating aquaculture systems.” This chapter explores strategies for sustainable aquaculture, including indigenous technical knowledge, resource optimization, and risk mitigation, while addressing resource management, diversification, and adaptation in a changing environment. Climate-resilient aquaculture is crucial for sustaining production and socio-economic stability. This chapter explores climate-resilient aquaculture, culture-based fisheries, and strategies for adapting to abiotic stressors and climate change impacts.