Agroforestry is gaining global recognition as an effective, sustainable and climate-smart means of increasing farm productivity while also playing a significant role in conserving biodiversity, restoring ecosystems and providing plentiful of overlooked environmental services. Under the ongoing scenario of changing climate in the twenty-first century, where rainfall and temperature fluctuations severely impact the crop yields, food security and livelihood of farming communities, the role of agroforestry is becoming an increasingly essential and viable option for sustained production, climate change adaptation and mitigation. Developing and populated countries essentially need to adopt various climate-smart agroforestry (CSA) practices, such as alley cropping, agro-silvopastures, agro-horticulture, home gardening, agroforestry parklands, etc., to achieve triple goal of sustainable increase in the farm productivity, resilience and mitigating climate change for healthier food, environment and livelihood in the future. Interestingly, agroforestry alone has the potential to achieve at least nine out of the 17 SDGs through sustainable food production, ecosystem services and economic benefits. This chapter comprises different concepts of agroforestry to smartly deal with various challenges in agriculture under the scenario of global warming and climate change to sustainably meet the increasing food demand of a fast ever-growing global population.