This concluding chapter sythesizes the findings of the volume to assess Hungary’s 20 years of EU membership through the lens of political economy, regulatory integration, and societal perception. It identifies a fundamental duality that characterizes the Hungarian experience: while successive governments have complied with key EU rules and remained deeply embedded in the Union’s economic structures, political elites—particularly since 2010—have promoted sovereigntist rhetoric and selectively resisted EU norms in politically sensitive areas. The volume concludes that Hungary’s integration has not led to a substantive shift toward higher value-added activities or democratic deepening. Nevertheless, broad public support for EU membership endures, underpinned by the perceived economic benefits, though this legitimacy is slowly eroding under the influence of politicized narratives and growing cultural Euroscepticism.

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Conclusions: The Path of Hungary’s EU Membership

  • András Bíró-Nagy,
  • Gergő Medve-Bálint

摘要

This concluding chapter sythesizes the findings of the volume to assess Hungary’s 20 years of EU membership through the lens of political economy, regulatory integration, and societal perception. It identifies a fundamental duality that characterizes the Hungarian experience: while successive governments have complied with key EU rules and remained deeply embedded in the Union’s economic structures, political elites—particularly since 2010—have promoted sovereigntist rhetoric and selectively resisted EU norms in politically sensitive areas. The volume concludes that Hungary’s integration has not led to a substantive shift toward higher value-added activities or democratic deepening. Nevertheless, broad public support for EU membership endures, underpinned by the perceived economic benefits, though this legitimacy is slowly eroding under the influence of politicized narratives and growing cultural Euroscepticism.