The Drivers of Euroscepticism in Hungary
摘要
This chapter examines the nature and depth of Euroscepticism in Hungary and explores its underlying drivers. Employing an integrative approach, we introduce a comprehensive Euroscepticism index comprising three components—affective, cognitive, and behavioural—which enables a more nuanced analysis than conventional measures. Using this index, the chapter demonstrates that although Hungarian society is overwhelmingly positive about EU membership, Euroscepticism possesses a deeper social foundation than is typically reflected in public opinion polls that focus solely on preferences for remaining in or leaving the European Union. Our findings indicate that support for the governing party Fidesz, socio-cultural right-wing attitudes, fear of losing social status, and authoritarian personality traits are positively correlated with Euroscepticism, whereas cosmopolitan values show a negative correlation. Individuals who feel at home in other parts of the world, enjoy learning about foreign cultures and customs, and are less attached to their local surroundings tend to view the EU more favourably. Although existing literature suggests that experience of life abroad might mitigate Euroscepticism, our data do not support this hypothesis. From an Eastern perspective, a Europe of free movement appears markedly different when it primarily offers access to the lower strata of Western societies.