The purpose of this chapter is to describe the advantages of direct conversion sensor technology for use in non-destructive testing (NDT) applications. The chapter is structured as follows: In the first section, we describe typical NDT applications followed by a description of food inspection challenges in the second section. The third section covers X-ray detection challenges showing that direct conversion technology offers important improvements in detection capabilities compared to the traditional energy integration technology. The next three sections cover case studies showing examples of novel hardware platforms, machine learning software, and commercial equipment use. Finally, we conclude in highlighting unique NDT opportunities in product development that are offered by direct conversion technology.