This paper examines how societal inequalities and gender biases are perpetuated in ICT systems, emphasizing their cyclical reinforcement through design and development practices. The proposed “Cycle of Discrimination” model identifies four interrelated fields: (a) Products, where discriminatory practices materialize in applications; (b) Societal Contexts, exploring how biases shape and are shaped by social norms; (c) Individuals and Groups, detailing the impact of stereotypes and practices within ICT; and (d) Processes, uncovering biases embedded in design methods and workflows. Using illustrative examples—such as biases in virtual assistants, AI recruitment tools, and virtual reality design—the paper demonstrates how these fields interact to sustain inequalities. The model also highlights actionable strategies for intervention, such as inclusive design methods, participatory practices, and structural changes in workplace culture. By addressing bias across these domains, this work provides a foundation for disrupting discrimination and fostering more equitable and inclusive ICT development.

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Breaking the Cycle of Discrimination: Toward Gender Equity in Software Design

  • Nicola Marsden,
  • Kerstin Raudonat,
  • Monika Pröbster

摘要

This paper examines how societal inequalities and gender biases are perpetuated in ICT systems, emphasizing their cyclical reinforcement through design and development practices. The proposed “Cycle of Discrimination” model identifies four interrelated fields: (a) Products, where discriminatory practices materialize in applications; (b) Societal Contexts, exploring how biases shape and are shaped by social norms; (c) Individuals and Groups, detailing the impact of stereotypes and practices within ICT; and (d) Processes, uncovering biases embedded in design methods and workflows. Using illustrative examples—such as biases in virtual assistants, AI recruitment tools, and virtual reality design—the paper demonstrates how these fields interact to sustain inequalities. The model also highlights actionable strategies for intervention, such as inclusive design methods, participatory practices, and structural changes in workplace culture. By addressing bias across these domains, this work provides a foundation for disrupting discrimination and fostering more equitable and inclusive ICT development.