To limit global warming, it is necessary to accelerate the development of renewable energy further and provide greater support for the development of future energy systems. However, the global energy transition is still not on track. The gap between countries’ climate change goals and actual actions has widened. The gap between climate change goals and social problems is unimaginably large in some regions. Hydrogen energy is highly anticipated as a zero-emission future energy source, but its by-products—water and steam—pose unprecedented challenges to human cultural heritage. Take China as an example; it is a famous ancient civilization with many historic buildings, most of which are built of wood because of its superior structural and aesthetic characteristics and have lasted for thousands of years. It is worth discussing that the impact of hydrogen energy conversion on the protection of ancient buildings is a complex two-way mechanism. This chapter comparatively analyzes the threats to wooden architectural heritage under traditional fossil fuel and hydrogen energy systems, puts forward suggestions for collaborative protection of cultural heritage using hydrogen energy strategies, and outlines a forward-looking path for the sustainable preservation of historical treasures.