Heat flow in 50.porous medium domains is largely dominated by heat conduction and convection mechanisms. Modelling heat flow in such media is essential for various engineering and applied science fields, including geothermal energy and environmental studies of subsurface formations. In both fields, the groundwater plays a vital role in transporting heat from the heat source to distant regions. Understanding the movement of heat through subsurface formations allows engineers and scientists to evaluate the feasibility of geothermal energy systems and the impact on the Subsurface environmentsubsurface environment. It helps designing geothermal wells, predicting temperature profiles, and optimizing the efficiency of heat exchange processes. It also helps analysing subsurface thermal plumes, studying the effects of industrial discharges and assessing the impact of temperature variations on the ground ecosystem and human health.