The surface quality of the raceway in ball bearing inner rings is crucial for preventing their premature failure. Surface roughness, quantified by parameters such as \({R}_{a}\) (arithmetic mean roughness) and \({R}_{t}\) (maximum height of the profile), is influenced by various cutting parameters. This experimental study has two primary objectives: first, to establish the correlation between cutting parameters and surface roughness during the grinding of AISI 52100 inner ring 6209 raceways; and second, to identify the optimal cutting parameters to enhance surface quality by minimizing \({R}_{a}\) and \({R}_{t}\) values. Machining tests were designed using a Central Composite Design (CCD). The data obtained were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to develop predictive regression models for \({R}_{a}\) and \({R}_{t}\) . The optimization results indicated that the fine feed rate parameter has the most significant impact on surface roughness in grinding of AISI 52100. More specifically, the work conducted showed that the best value of Surface Roughness, in terms of \({R}_{a}\) and \({R}_{t}\) , in the raceway’s grinding of inner ring 6209 is achieved when the Cutting speed is 70.349 m/s and the Fine feed rate is 23.518 µm/s.