This study explored how the combination of augmented reality (AR) technology and concept maps can enhance symbolic play abilities in children with autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by innate social impairments that often lead to difficulties in social interactions. These difficulties stem from an inadequate understanding of social cues, limiting their performance in symbolic and pretend play, and subsequently affecting their social development and emotional understanding. The aim of this study was to develop an interactive system based on AR technology and concept maps to promote participation and the understanding of symbolic play among children with autism. The system was designed with three game levels: basic (correspondence between symbols and their meanings), intermediate (correspondence between symbols, social behaviors, and their meanings), and advanced (correspondence between symbols, social behaviors, and social scenarios). Each level contained ten sub-levels (totaling 30), with the goal of gradually building symbolic play abilities in children with autism. The study adopted an ABA reversal replication design to conduct intervention training in a laboratory setting that integrated AR technology and concept maps for symbolic play training. The subject was a 7-year-old child with high-functioning autism, and the intervention lasted approximately 3.5 months. During the training, the child used a tablet to scan AR icons and utilized visualized concept maps to understand and infer symbolic meanings. The results indicated that the AR and concept maps integrated game system effectively improved the child’s understanding of symbolic concepts and enhanced their interaction capabilities in social contexts. This study provided an innovative and practical symbolic play training method for children with autism.