Ankle sprains are among the most common reasons for consultation in hospital emergencies. The lateral ligament complex is affected 77% of the time, in which the most frequent mechanism of injury is plantar inversion and flexion. There is some consensus that surgical treatment for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) should be considered if rehabilitative treatment has not been successful after 6 months. Direct arthroscopic repair of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) yields excellent results in those cases of good tissue quality. ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) reconstruction is recommended in cases of generalized laxity or when the tissue quality is poor. Other indications include doubts about subtalar stability or the presence of a ruptured LCF. For some authors, a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 is also an indication for this technique. Peroneal tendoscopy is a technique described by Van Dijk and Kort in 1998. Isolated peroneal tendon tears are rare; most are the result of inversion ankle trauma. The prevalence of injury to the PB tendon reported in cadaver studies ranges from 11% to 37%, whereas ruptures of the PL occur less frequently. Dislocation of the peroneal tendons is secondary to a traumatic history, with the foot in dorsiflexion, abduction and inversion, producing a sudden contraction of the peroneal muscles. Two main factors can contribute to tendon dislocation: lateral ankle instability and hindfoot varus malalignment. Surgical treatment offers excellent results, mainly in cases of acute dislocation, and is the only option in cases of recurrent dislocation.