According to a statistical report published by the International Air Transport Organization (IATA) for 2022, aircraft handling (37%) accounted for the highest proportion of causes of undesired aircraft states. The primary causes of air transportation accidents are associated with pilots. This study aims to analyze civil aviation unsafe events and explore the formation of risk factors for unsafe events. The study aims to investigate human factors that affect flight safety and mine information such as crew composition and pilot experience in unsafe incidents. For providing theoretical support for aviation safety management and pilot training. First, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the collected data of 233 unsafe events from Airline S from 2005 to 2024. The data encompassed various aspects, including the types of unsafe events, textual descriptions, occurrence times, locations, crew members involved, and aircraft models. Subsequently, a causal analysis of the 233 unsafe events was performed using the Professionalism Lifecycle Management System (PLMS), focusing on the dimension of core competency to explore the relationship between core competency and the outcomes of unsafe events. Finally, further exploration into the human factors at risk in unsafe events was conducted by integrating information on individual pilots’ ages, flight experience, and crew composition. The results showed that the smaller the age gap, the higher the number of unsafe events. The conclusions could be used to identify human risk factors in flight operation and provide support for ensuring flight safety.