Post-traumatic and orthopedic hardware-related cases pose unique challenges for diagnosis and management of suspected musculoskeletal infections. This chapter explores the crucial role of imaging techniques in the comprehensive evaluation of such infections affecting the appendicular skeleton. By integrating imaging modalities with clinical findings, clinicians can assess the extent of infection, guide treatment strategies, and monitor response to therapy. We delve into the differences of various imaging modalities, including radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging techniques, discussing their strengths and limitations in detecting infectious processes, identifying complicating factors, and guiding surgical intervention. Through a review of the current literature and clinical case examples, this chapter aims to provide clinicians and radiologists with a practical understanding of the imaging strategies essential for effectively managing these complex and often challenging clinical scenarios.