The effects of climate change raise new challenges for the design and management of water ecosystems oriented towards sustainable irrigation, showing the need to promote innovative micro-irrigation ecosystems. This systematic literature review aims firstly to determine how climate change affects the sustainability of water management systems. Secondly, it will map the effects of climate change on the sustainability of irrigation systemsIrrigation systems. Applying the PRISMA research protocol, a sample of 202 articles published on Clarivate’s Web of Science was selected. From this, a bibliometric analysis was produced, serving as the basis for presenting a research framework and policy action agenda. With the results, and given the intensifying effects of climate change, the study contributes to better understanding of how sustainable management of water resources implies efficient use of water through the adoption of agricultural micro-irrigation ecosystems. In addition, in ecosystems with a great demand for agricultural irrigation, water saving with a view to future water shortage is not enough to ensure the future sustainability of water resources. It is therefore essential to improve the sustainable management of storage, distribution, and micro-irrigation, in order to prevent extreme scenarios of water resource stress.