After the fall of communism, in Slovakia as elsewhere in the region there was concern about a sudden upsurge of nationalism. The 10% Hungarian minority was an immediate focus in Slovakia, with Hungarians’ worries matched by the Slovak nationalists’ obsessions that viewed them as the country’s previous imperial masters, but as EU accession approached anti-Roma discrimination emerged as a greater challenge. What both debates overlooked was that if Slovaks could not cope with the otherness of their own fellow citizens, they could have huge problems dealing with the non-discrimination principles underlying the EU freedom of movement policy and with immigration from non-European third countries. From the 2015 refugee crisis onward this became a new focus for the EU’s concerns.