Valuation plays a central role in mergers and acquisitions (M&A), influencing deal structuring, negotiations, and capital allocation. In emerging markets (EMs), however, M&A processes are often complicated by the same endogenous and exogenesis uncertainty factors which impact solid value estimates—namely economic regulatory uncertainty, currency risks, information asymmetry, and corporate governance issues. In this chapter we provide a review of some of the key challenges, propose theoretical solutions, and then offer practical examples of some of the main valuation approaches and considerations for EM M&A which include accretion/dilatation analysis, synergy quantification and how earnouts and other mechanisms can help bridge value gaps between both sides of the table. The chapter seeks to contribute to the literature by blending theory and practice around valuation and value-related deal components in the interesting nexus of EM M&A transactions.