The issue of waste management becomes more and more pressing due to population growth and urban development expansion. With limited land resources and a constant increase in waste generated, decision-makers are facing a daunting challenge in effectively handling and disposing of this ever-growing amount of waste. The waste management issue is particularly severe in urban areas, where the population density is high and the space is at a premium. This expansion in waste and its improper management is one of the main reasons for the ongoing environmental impacts faced globally. This particular issue must be taken into consideration due to its significant environmental impacts on the local, regional, and global scales. Additionally, it is situated near people, potentially posing health risks. Furthermore, it has potential value in terms of recovery through circular economic supply chains. It has become top priority for many cities and governments to find sustainable solution to this problem. The importance of understanding the amount of waste generated globally is essential to comprehend the extent and intricacies associated with solid waste management (SWM). Policymakers and waste management professionals must develop effective strategies for the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. This chapter provides an overview of the global and Indian solid waste situations. The impact of waste on people and the environment is then discussed, along with a few case studies of trash-related issues and management initiatives.