Energy has been a significant driver of industrialization, economic growth, and national and global politics. At the same time, it is responsible for environmental degradation and climate change. All CO2 emissions result from technological, economic, and demographic factors. The energy sector contributes to 90% of CO2 emissions globally and primarily contributes to climate change. The domain of and interrelationship between energy and climate have always been contentious. Climate change engendered by global CO2 emissions is a threat to the planet's existence. To arrest such a trend Paris Agreement (2015) calls for a global partnership limiting the atmospheric temperature to less than 2 °C above levels of pre-industrial era, and to aims at efforts limiting the increase in temperature even further to 1.5 °C. To make the energy sector sustainable SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) no 7 aims at ensuring access to affordable energy for all, i.e. sustainable, reliable and modern, which is very challenging. Further, to achieve sustainability, the world aims to achieve a net zero emission level, which requires an immediate transition from traditional energy system (fossil fuel-based) to green energy. Given the above, this chapter aims to explore the idea of energy transition and the ways and means of achieving it.