Nature Deficit Disorder has a significant impact on children's physical and mental development, manifesting as symptoms such as inattention, poor emotional regulation, and weak environmental adaptability. Augmented Reality (AR) technology has been proven to significantly enhance children's receptiveness to natural knowledge and learning interest. However, existing AR educational products often fail to fully consider children's cognitive levels and acceptance capabilities, increasing cognitive load and resulting in a lack of meaningful integration between technology and educational content. This study developed an AR-based natural science game grounded in contextual cognition theory. The game utilizes AR technology to adaptively adjust difficulty levels and provides knowledge dissemination based on the scene of Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing, aiming to increase children's learning interest and engagement with the natural environment.