Caffeine is widely consumed worldwide, with a significant proportion of the population using it regularly. Although its central and peripheral effects, such as promoting alertness and metabolic changes, are well-known, research suggests that excessive caffeine intake during pregnancy may have adverse effects on fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and child health. Studies indicate that high caffeine consumption is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss, low birth weight, preterm birth, and metabolic disorders in offspring. Furthermore, caffeine intake has been linked to cognitive developmental delays and a higher risk of childhood acute leukemia. While some studies have suggested that moderate caffeine consumption is safe, concerns arise from observational data, self-reported consumption habits, and the variability in how caffeine intake is measured. The influence of confounding factors, such as smoking, which is common among coffee drinkers, has also been underexplored. Given these findings, healthcare providers should inquire about caffeine consumption in pregnant women, especially those exceeding the recommended 200 mg per day, and encourage reductions. Despite limitations in current evidence, a revision of existing recommendations regarding caffeine intake during pregnancy may be necessary to ensure the health and well-being of both mothers and children. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects and establish clear guidelines.