Poisoning of the environment by a complex brew of xenobiotics has emerged as a serious global environmental danger in the age of the industrial revolution and urbanization. Pesticides, nitroaromatic compounds, triazines, azodyes, phenolics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), halogenated compounds, personal care products (PCPs), pharmaceuticals’ active compounds (PhACs), and chlorinated compounds are examples of xenobiotic contaminants that have a negative impact on the environment due to their long-term persistence and slow to nonexistent biodegradation in ecosystems. Anthropogenic processes like urbanization and population growth are to blame for the widespread worry about xenobiotic contamination of the environment. Widespread ecosystem pollution results from the massive quantity of hazardous substances dumped into the environment. The majority of organs, notably the reproductive system, are affected by xenobiotics, making them the most significant. Any xenobiotic's toxicity is influenced by the bio-accumulated chemical residue in the body. The assessment of the risk caused by xenobiotics has typically been based on the amount of chemicals present in the surrounding environment. Distinct contaminants cause distinct issues for various freshwater ecosystems primarily, in terms of the oxygen availability for fish and other animals. This occasionally causes habitat damage and local population extinction.