Environmental pollution and the resulting toxic substances are detrimental to the health of the human population. It has been acknowledged sterility as a major health issue by the World Health Organization. A probe was conducted by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) to apprehend the causative factors and to provide increased awareness of these issues to the public. An increase in constituents like oxygen molecules, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, and organophosphorus pollutes terrestrial areas. Coastal regions and waterbodies polluted with sewage, are potentially linked to the induction of endocrine disabling chemicals in humans. This results in conditions like Ovarian cysts, Acyclicity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Follicular atresia, and lots of issues in females, and in males decreased Sperm motility, Sperm count, Azoospermia, Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS), Steroidogenesis, and a myriad of issues. The imbalance in reproductive hormones can also cause unsuccessful (IVF) In vitro fertilization. This review provides insight into the causes of human infertility, along with strategies for prevention, the need for bioremediation, and revolutionary advances in technology aimed at addressing these problems.