Nanoparticles are minute particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Due to their optical, electronic, catalytic, magnetic, and antimicrobial properties, nanoparticles have numerous applications across various fields like engineering, healthcare, cosmetology, food industry, and biosensing. The extensive and widespread use of nanotechnology has led to concerns regarding the toxic effects of nanoparticles in the environment. The correlation of factors such as size, dose and time intervals on both biotic and abiotic components are to be considered. Recent research delves into the debilitating effects of these toxicants utilizing animal and plant models. Countless repercussions were observed in the organ and molecular levels namely brain, kidney, nervous and reproductive damage, rupture of blood vessels, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, increased ROS levels, gene suppression, DNA damage, necrosis, and apoptosis. These effects are caused due to the accumulative and agglomerative property of these substances. This review focuses on the types of nanoparticles, factors, effects, analysis, and preventive measures which can be employed to diminish the noxious effluents utilized in the field of nanotechnology for a greener future.