Polystyrene microplastics are small pieces of polystyrene, a synthetic polymer that is frequently used to make different kinds of plastic items. These tiny plastics can interact quickly with both organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment. By comprehensively examining research articles, review and relevant publications, this paper gather information on how polystyrene microplastics are distributed across various ecosystems, like in atmosphere, soil and water bodies. A comprehensive understanding of the biological implications of polystyrene microplastic with the help of data from studies conducted on both vitro and Vivo are also added. The review explores advancements in various instrumental techniques which help in evaluating the tiny plastic called polystyrene microplastic and also the mitigation methods. Improving waste management practices, thermolysis of polystyrene, strict restrictions on plastic use are the suggested solutions for reducing the impacts of polystyrene microplastic. Through the thorough studies from 2019, it is noted that further study is required on the chronic effects of polystyrene microplastic in humans and also a way for reducing the toxic effects of micro plastic in living organisms.