There is a need for development of adequate means to sample and detect microplastic pollution in the water ecosystems as it poses a major threat to aquatic life and human health. This abstract gives an overview of current developments in the field of microplastic sampling and detection methods for water environments. They include different kinds of techniques from conventional filtration techniques to innovative passive samplings. Such methods make it possible to collect water samples from different types of aquatic habitats such as oceans, rivers, lakes, as well as wastewater treatment plants, thus allowing for comprehensive assessment of levels contamination. Detection methods include microscopy or FTIR, Raman spectroscopy among others which are used for visual identification and characterization purposes. These analytical tools give detailed information on microplastic molecular composition and sources in water samples. Moreover, technological advancements like automatic image analysis systems or plastic sensors have improved efficiency as well as accuracy in monitoring and detecting microplastics. The understanding about their distribution and fate in aquatic environment helps guide the formulation of effective mitigation strategies plus regulatory measures aimed at tackling this global environmental issue.