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This review article intends a comprehensive study on metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and their impact on human health and the environment. It highlights that metal oxide nanoparticles have various beneficial applications; they also present substantial risks to both humans and the environment. Investigations on their toxicity and potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health are required. Exceptional properties of metal oxide nanoparticles enable a wide range of industrial and consumer product usage. These substances could, however, be hazardous to the environment, aquatic and terrestrial life, and people. Metal oxide nanoparticles can be harmful to human health through a variety of exposure paths, including ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. The current study also emphasizes the hazardous consequences of Al2O3, CuO, NiO, Fe2O3, TiO2, and ZnO metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and an overview on metal oxide NPs, uses, and the possibility of human exposure. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized in electronics and show variable toxicity. Copper oxide (Cu2O, CuO) NPs, crucial in conductive inks, exhibit significant toxicity. Nickel oxide (NiO) NPs, applied in smart windows, can release harmful nickel ions. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) NPs, used in MRI and wastewater treatment, generally exhibit low toxicity but may cause oxidative stress. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, found in many consumer products, pose risks of nanotoxicity, particularly under UV light. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs display high toxicity dependent on dosage.

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Metal Oxides Nanoparticles and Their Toxicity Impacts on Human Health and Environment: A Short Review

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ved Prakash Meena,
  • Devendra Kumar Singhal,
  • M. K. Jangid

摘要

This review article intends a comprehensive study on metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and their impact on human health and the environment. It highlights that metal oxide nanoparticles have various beneficial applications; they also present substantial risks to both humans and the environment. Investigations on their toxicity and potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health are required. Exceptional properties of metal oxide nanoparticles enable a wide range of industrial and consumer product usage. These substances could, however, be hazardous to the environment, aquatic and terrestrial life, and people. Metal oxide nanoparticles can be harmful to human health through a variety of exposure paths, including ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. The current study also emphasizes the hazardous consequences of Al2O3, CuO, NiO, Fe2O3, TiO2, and ZnO metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and an overview on metal oxide NPs, uses, and the possibility of human exposure. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized in electronics and show variable toxicity. Copper oxide (Cu2O, CuO) NPs, crucial in conductive inks, exhibit significant toxicity. Nickel oxide (NiO) NPs, applied in smart windows, can release harmful nickel ions. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) NPs, used in MRI and wastewater treatment, generally exhibit low toxicity but may cause oxidative stress. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, found in many consumer products, pose risks of nanotoxicity, particularly under UV light. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs display high toxicity dependent on dosage.