Heavy metal discharge from human activities has become a serious threat to the ecology. Thus, there is need to remove these heavy metals from ecology. Algae-mediated nanoparticle synthesis for heavy metal remediation has increased recently. This review synthesizes various academic works to unveil the importance of algae in making nanoparticles and how they can be used in remediating heavy metals. In addition, it provides an in depth look at several studies that demonstrate the significance of algae as a sustainable and eco-friendly source for nanoparticle synthesis. Also, the review explores the processes through which nanoparticles are formed by algae and the ability to extract heavy metals from polluted environments. Furthermore, this paper critically examines different nanoparticles synthesized by algae-mediated approach for optimal strategies towards their efficacy during heavy metal decontamination process. The combination of information from different articles gives an overall idea on where we are currently as far as the use of Algae mediated nanoparticle synthesis for heavy metal removal is concerned, as well as suggestions on future investigations and applications.