Pharmaceutical pollutants are now a major contributor to environmental toxicity, which has a negative impact on human health as well as ecosystems. These contaminants are found in environment because they are not entirely digested by organisms; they are sometimes referred to as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and metabolites. Acute and chronic toxicity, hypoglycemia, growth suppression of aquatic species, and possible biomagnifications of pharmaceutical pollutants are some of the effects of pharmaceutical pollution. Because of how recently these drugs have been in the environment, it is challenging to fully assess the degree of their impacts. Because of their solid structure, these pollutants are difficult to break down and remain in the environment for extended periods of time. The amount of these contaminants in environment has sharply increased along with the demand for pharmaceuticals. This is mostly because traditional treatment facilities are ineffective at treating and eliminating these PhACs. These days, it's critical to correctly identify pharmacological groupings and design removal strategies. This paper provides a thorough overview of PCs, different PC subgroups, and treatment techniques and methodologies that are available to remove PCs. For the purpose of totally eliminating harmful substances and restoring the safety of the environment, efficient and effective treatment techniques may be helpful. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to spend money and effort researching PCs and removal methods in the future.