The atmosphere is the outermost layer of planet Earth, is primarily composed of gases and is fundamental for the development of life and various geomorphological and hydrological processes. Its structure and composition are determined by orbital, dynamic, and thermodynamic factors that give rise to remarkable vertical and horizontal dynamics within it, aspects that contribute to the distribution of energy and water across the planet (Barry and Chorley, Atmosphere, weather and climate, Routledge, London, 2009).