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The Arctic (66° 33′ 46′′ N) and Antarctic (66° 33′ 46′′ S) polar circles define the lower latitudinal limits of the polar regions. These regions, which separately represent about 5% of the Earth's surface with about 20 million km2, extend up to 90° latitude. Geographically, they are environments with many contrasts: while the Arctic is defined as an ocean surrounded by emerged lands, Antarctica is a continent surrounded by sea. The extent of the land surface in the southern continent corresponds approximately to the marine surface in the Arctic (about 14 million km2).

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The Polar Regions

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Marc Oliva,
  • Juan Ignacio López-Moreno,
  • Nuria Andrés,
  • Dermot Antoniades,
  • Josep Bonsoms,
  • José M. Fernández-Fernández,
  • Julia García-Oteyza,
  • Leopoldo García-Sancho,
  • Santiago Giralt,
  • Sergi González-Herrero,
  • Jordi Martín-Díaz,
  • Sergi Pla-Rabes,
  • David Palacios

摘要

The Arctic (66° 33′ 46′′ N) and Antarctic (66° 33′ 46′′ S) polar circles define the lower latitudinal limits of the polar regions. These regions, which separately represent about 5% of the Earth's surface with about 20 million km2, extend up to 90° latitude. Geographically, they are environments with many contrasts: while the Arctic is defined as an ocean surrounded by emerged lands, Antarctica is a continent surrounded by sea. The extent of the land surface in the southern continent corresponds approximately to the marine surface in the Arctic (about 14 million km2).