This chapter explores the significance of the Monte Alegre region for Paleoindian settlements and rock art. It highlights how the distinctive hills of Paituna and Ererê, along with environmental phenomena like halos and unique lichen, influenced ancient cultures navigating the Amazon River. The chapter emphasizes the relationship between natural resources, artistic expression, and potential animistic beliefs that shaped the lives of early inhabitants. Geological and biological analyses reveal the region’s ecological importance and its impact on cultural practices.