An Innovative Indicator System for Sustainable Tourism to Address Urban Mass Tourism
摘要
Although there are several sustainable tourism indicator systems developed by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council (STSC) none of them specifically focused on taming the urban mass tourism. Hence, the objective of this research is to develop a sustainable tourism indicator system to tame urban mass tourism. The indicators were selected following the framework of GSTC, SDG and UNWTO criteria. A diverse group of decision makers was engaged for this research, which includes academicians, tour operators, tourists and govt. agencies. Two round Delphi technique along with the Content Validation Ratio (CVR) was applied to decision makers’ (total 50 decision makers) rating to meet the consensus. Average Content Validity Index (Ave. CVI) and Modified Kappa were used to check the inter-rater agreement. Priority was estimated using adjusted weightage and weighted mean technique. In the final round, out of sixty-five indicators; thirty-nine indicators were retained by following the criteria CVR ≥ 0.300. Environment and culture gain the highest priority followed by economy, infrastructure and tourist welfare. Good to excellent average CVI and modified Kappa were achieved and hence the result is reliable. The result presented in this research is helpful for the sustainable development of tourism in the urban ecosystem.