The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) represents a critical strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable transportation in India. Despite the environmental and economic benefits, the adoption of EVs in India faces significant technological and infrastructural barriers. This paper explores these barriers through a comprehensive review of secondary data, including academic literature, policy documents, and industry reports. Key technological challenges identified include high battery costs, limited range, reliability and performance issues, short battery lifespan, and inadequate recycling and disposal systems. Infrastructural challenges encompass insufficient charging infrastructure, lack of standardization in charging connectors, grid capacity and stability issues, and interoperability concerns among charging networks. The study proposes innovative solutions such as battery swapping stations, microgrid integration, and public–private partnerships to address these barriers. This research seeks to offer practical recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to address existing challenges, thereby expediting the adoption of electric vehicles in India. By doing so, it aims to promote sustainable transportation and significantly reduce the nation's carbon emissions.