Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused primarily by Candida albicans, affecting diverse populations, particularly immunocompromised individuals. This chapter provides an overview of the clinical spectrum of oral candidiasis, including acute and chronic manifestations of the disease, underlying risk factors, current treatment strategies, and emerging therapeutic options. Additionally, it explores experimental models that enhance our understanding of Candida pathogenesis and facilitate the development of innovative antifungal strategies both in vitro and in vivo. Understanding these aspects is critical for improving patient outcomes and addressing the growing challenge of antifungal resistance.