Intense physical exercise leads to both acute and chronic physiological adaptations. Acute adaptations are often associated with transient tissue damage, resulting in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In recent years, there has been growing interest in strategies not only to minimize DOMS but also to better monitor recovery. Infrared thermography has emerged as a promising tool for assessing DOMS, typically by correlating physiological responses with changes in skin temperature. This chapter discusses recent evidence on these topics, highlighting the potential applications and limitations of using infrared thermography to monitor exercise adaptation and muscle soreness induced by exercise.