A predictive life cycle management approach offers a solution to address the current challenges faced by bridges on Germany’s federal highways. A modular digital twin serves as a tool in implementing this approach, enabling more precise monitoring and decision-making. In this context, the digital twin is a virtual, dynamic representation of the real system and its interrelationships. An essential module of the digital twin is condition assessment, which provides insights into the current and future state of the construction. One approach to condition assessment is the use of monitoring. While monitoring is not yet a standard practice in bridge construction, it is gaining increasing importance due to its ability to enable continuous condition assessment. Recently, fiber optic sensors for monitoring have become particularly significant. This is partly due to their capability to measure a wide range of parameters, offering extensive application potential. In this article, fiber optic sensors for measuring the effects on bridge structures are presented using examples for determining influences such as temperature, moisture, traffic and earthquakes.