Jacques Vaucanson’s automata have long been recognized as a telling example of how eighteenth-century mechanical performances were staged to both astonish and educate the public. However, less attention has been paid to the way these automatic shows were connected to the topography of entertainment in eighteenth-century Paris. This article offers a detailed historical analysis of both written (brochures, reports, eyewitness accounts) and visual (engravings, sculptures) sources to prove that Vaucanson deliberately invoked the visual language of fêtes champêtres and the conventions of garden amusement popular at the time to make his famous automata appear more lifelike in the eyes of the beholders. The celebrated Flute Player serves as the focal point of this study, allowing us to shed light on the links between Vaucanson’s animated statues and the Parisian gardens of the Tuileries. The final goal of the article is to demonstrate how extending the aesthetic and symbolic space of the park into the venue of the mechanical performances enabled Vaucanson to skillfully align the viewers’ expectations with the possibilities of mechanical art, fostering belief in the ingenious mimetic qualities of his automata.

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Blurring Boundaries: Eighteenth-Century Garden Entertainment and the Role of the Beholders in Jacques Vaucanson’s Automatic Performances

  • Albert Kozik

摘要

Jacques Vaucanson’s automata have long been recognized as a telling example of how eighteenth-century mechanical performances were staged to both astonish and educate the public. However, less attention has been paid to the way these automatic shows were connected to the topography of entertainment in eighteenth-century Paris. This article offers a detailed historical analysis of both written (brochures, reports, eyewitness accounts) and visual (engravings, sculptures) sources to prove that Vaucanson deliberately invoked the visual language of fêtes champêtres and the conventions of garden amusement popular at the time to make his famous automata appear more lifelike in the eyes of the beholders. The celebrated Flute Player serves as the focal point of this study, allowing us to shed light on the links between Vaucanson’s animated statues and the Parisian gardens of the Tuileries. The final goal of the article is to demonstrate how extending the aesthetic and symbolic space of the park into the venue of the mechanical performances enabled Vaucanson to skillfully align the viewers’ expectations with the possibilities of mechanical art, fostering belief in the ingenious mimetic qualities of his automata.