Extreme weather events (EWEs) remain a threat to the world and the Global South, which remains behind in building resilience to climate change challenges. The study explores the impact of extreme weather events (EWEs) on disease incidence in marginalised areas of the Global South, highlighting the role of spatial temporal and power inequalities. It uses a desktop study methodology to conduct an integrative literature review, aiming to enhance the theoretical understanding of EWEs and disease dynamics. The study’s aim is to improve our theoretical understanding of EWEs and disease dynamics in marginalised areas. By bridging gaps in knowledge, researchers can contribute to more effective policies, better disaster responses, and enhanced community resilience. The findings indicate that vulnerabilities in the Global South are exacerbated by historical colonialism and ongoing inequalities in race, ethnicity, and class. These marginalised communities lack power and are often excluded from state transformation programmes, making them more susceptible to EWE-induced diseases. The study emphasises the need for inclusive community health frameworks to improve resilience and suggests using Complexity Theory to address the multifaceted challenges of EWEs and disease incidence through a multi-sectoral approach. This theoretical advancement aims to inform better policies, disaster responses, and community resilience strategies.