This chapter summarizes the findings of this book’s studies on message levels and factors on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus. The positive associations between levels in the hierarchy of audience responses are confirmed. Tests of the five-level model of message effects also confirm immediate message effects on objective knowledge and long-term effects at all five levels. One-sided messages are more persuasive overall, but two-sided messages with refutation can be more effective at certain levels of message effects when controlling for confounders. Inconclusive messages increase subjective knowledge more, while conclusive messages increase objective knowledge more. With covariates controlled, both versions drive subjective and objective knowledge above the control level but lower the attitudes and behavioral intentions below it, with conclusive messages appearing to lower less. The gain-frame shows more effectiveness in increasing subjective knowledge, and both increase objective knowledge above the control group. Confounders under control, both increase subjective and objective knowledge above the control group, and loss-frame is more persuasive to increase attitudes. The gain-frame lowers the behavioral intentions below the control group, but the loss-frame does not. Interactions of these message factors are discussed.

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Conclusions and the Next Step to Promote the WEF Nexus

  • Q. J. Yao

摘要

This chapter summarizes the findings of this book’s studies on message levels and factors on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus. The positive associations between levels in the hierarchy of audience responses are confirmed. Tests of the five-level model of message effects also confirm immediate message effects on objective knowledge and long-term effects at all five levels. One-sided messages are more persuasive overall, but two-sided messages with refutation can be more effective at certain levels of message effects when controlling for confounders. Inconclusive messages increase subjective knowledge more, while conclusive messages increase objective knowledge more. With covariates controlled, both versions drive subjective and objective knowledge above the control level but lower the attitudes and behavioral intentions below it, with conclusive messages appearing to lower less. The gain-frame shows more effectiveness in increasing subjective knowledge, and both increase objective knowledge above the control group. Confounders under control, both increase subjective and objective knowledge above the control group, and loss-frame is more persuasive to increase attitudes. The gain-frame lowers the behavioral intentions below the control group, but the loss-frame does not. Interactions of these message factors are discussed.