In an increasingly digitalized world, organizations are continuously looking for innovative solutions to simplify processes, increase productivity, and improve operational efficiency and effectiveness. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has emerged as one of these transformational solutions. RPA employs software robots to complete repetitive, rule-based tasks previously performed by human employees. These robots are frequently used in industries such as finance, healthcare, automobile, and customer service, where they complete tasks quickly, precisely, and reliably. This study examines the motivations, benefits, challenges, and critical success factors associated with RPA adoption. Two research methods were used: a literature review and a case study in an Automobile Industry Company. The findings of this research contribute to academic knowledge by integrating theoretical and empirical aspects, and it opens the possibility for future research on RPA in other organizational contexts, promoting the continuing investigation of its technological and managerial applications.