The terrestrial surface of the Earth has been dramatically changed by human activity, resulting in extensive changes to land use and cover (LULCC). The drivers, trends, and effects of human-induced LULCC are summarized in this review, with an emphasis on the implications for ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate. LULCC is mostly caused by population growth, economic development, and technical improvements. These factors also contribute to deforestation, infrastructure development, urbanization, and agricultural expansion. The mitigation and adaptation of climate change, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem services are all significantly impacted by these shifts. LULCC frequently lead to long-term environmental deterioration and loss of ecosystem services, despite the fact that they can have short-term economic benefits. In order to reduce the detrimental effects of LULCC and advance sustainable development, sustainable land management techniques like agroforestry, sustainable agriculture, and urban design are essential. Developing effective policies and strategies to alleviate environmental degradation, protect biodiversity, and promote ecosystem resilience in the face of global environmental change requires an understanding of the drivers and implications of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC).