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In this chapter, the physics of sea ice is presented. The characteristics specific to sea ice are saline ice and large length scale. Salinity has a major influence on the physical properties of sea ice, and the large length scale is reflected in the broken structure and drift of sea ice fields. The first section introduces freezing seas, followed by sea ice structure from microscale to large scale in Sect. 8.2. Section 8.3 is about sea ice thermodynamics, and Sects. 8.4 and 8.5 present drift ice for its morphology and dynamics. Mathematical models are highly developed and applied in ice engineering, marine forecasting, and climate research.

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Sea Ice

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Matti Leppäranta,
  • Petteri Uotila

摘要

In this chapter, the physics of sea ice is presented. The characteristics specific to sea ice are saline ice and large length scale. Salinity has a major influence on the physical properties of sea ice, and the large length scale is reflected in the broken structure and drift of sea ice fields. The first section introduces freezing seas, followed by sea ice structure from microscale to large scale in Sect. 8.2. Section 8.3 is about sea ice thermodynamics, and Sects. 8.4 and 8.5 present drift ice for its morphology and dynamics. Mathematical models are highly developed and applied in ice engineering, marine forecasting, and climate research.