Why do some persons previously incarcerated for sex offenses reoffend, while others do not? And what specific factors contribute to sexual recidivism as opposed to other serious offenses, such as violent offenses? By analyzing offenders at several stages of incarceration and post-release life, and comparing persons convicted of sex offenses with persons convicted of violent offenses, this study uncovers empirical insights into the circumstances that shape both desistance and reoffending—including the broader structural and psychosocial conditions that influence post-release trajectories. Of particular relevance is correctional treatment as a building block to reducing recidivism rates. This chapter introduces the focus, background, and context of the book, providing an overview of its structure and highlighting the core content of each chapter.