This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of Argument Dialectics (AD) as a research program within argumentation theory. It distinguishes AD from traditional dialectical approaches, emphasizing its logical focus on the study of the product of the process of forming reasons and drawing conclusions and applying them to a case under discussion. The chapter outlines the fundamental concepts of AD, including the distinction between dialectic of the arguer and argumentative dialectic. Common atomistic views in logic and argumentation are criticized, advocating a holistic and particularist approach that recognizes the contextual dependence of logical properties and the importance of interargumentative relations. To this end, the concepts of refutation condition and modifier are introduced.