Adaptive Instructional Systems (AIS) are advanced platforms that leverage technology to personalize learning experiences by dynamically adjusting instructional content, pacing, and feedback to meet the diverse needs of learners. Cognitive aging is characterized by changes in cognition, such as memory, attention, and processing speed, presenting unique challenges for instructional design. Using the Common Model of Cognition (CMC) and Sociotechnical-GOMS (SGOMS) to model how these changes impact tasks, AIS can be tailored to address the needs of aging learners and promote accessibility, inclusivity, engagement, and lifelong learning opportunities. At the micro-adaptive level, this type of model can enable AIS to deliver real-time, task-specific interventions. In contrast, at the macro-adaptive level, they support long-term learning through lesson design and simulation. These capabilities ensure that AIS remain effective across varied contexts and learner populations.