African scholarship on migration has taken a shift in recent years driven by the need to focus, re-interpret and decolonize the dynamics of internal migration by understanding the cultural norms and values that inform migratory behaviours and patterns of local communities. This chapter discusses conflict and insecurity in the pastoralist region of Karamoja located in north-eastern Uganda and considers out-migration as a product of insecurity. It argues that the underlying causes of insecurity in the region—resource-based competition, cattle raiding for commercial gain and structural political marginalization—are complex, multi-dimensional and concatenate at certain points with compounding factors, including accumulation of SALWs, inter-communal tensions, excessive force during disarmament operations, deprivation and limited array of livelihood alternatives, diminished traditional authority and land grabbing. Conflict-induced migration is a commonplace coping mechanism, either directly through forced displacement and human trafficking or indirectly—in search for better opportunities in towns within and beyond the region. The chapter recommends promotion of community-led peace initiatives based on non-violence and compensatory actions to address protracted alienation, and social and environmental injustices perpetuated against the Karimojong, hitherto.