This chapter looks at how the Church of England responded to the British intervention in Iraq after Saddam Hussein’s occupation of Kuwait in 1990. The senior church leadership broadly took the view that given Iraq had committed a clear breach of international law by invading Kuwait, there was just cause in international law, especially if the response was authorised by the United Nations and carried out by a broad coalition of countries. Others doubted whether this could be a just war given conflicting and self-interested motives on the part of the Western powers, the failure to address the wider problems of the Middle East, and the likelihood of catastrophic human and environmental consequences. Arguably the debates would not change dramatically over time, but the Gulf War saw the beginnings of a growing scepticism about the military option amongst more Anglican bishops and the wider church community, as well as more detailed reference to just war arguments.